planets
In terms of space, a satellite is a body that orbits around another. This can be either a natural satellite, like the moon orbiting the Earth, or an artificial one like the Mariner 10 satellite or the communications satellites that daily provide us with access to information worldwide.A natural satellite or moon is a celestial body that orbits a planet or smaller body, which is called the primary. Technically, the term natural satellitecould refer to a planet orbiting a star, or a dwarf galaxy orbiting a major galaxy, but it is normally synonymous with moon and used to identify non-artificial satellites of planets, dwarf planets, and minor planets. (There are no known natural satellites of moons.)A satellite is essentially something that orbits a planet, it can be man made (eg. GPS satellites) or celestial bodies (eg. the earths moon).A satellite is an artificial body put in to orbit around the earth, sun, moon or planet for communication purposes or to collect information.A satalite is an object that orbits another object. For example, the moon is a satalite because it orbits the Earth. The Earth is also a satalite because it orbits the sun. Any rock that is orbiting the Earth right now is also a satalite etc, etc.
Asteroids
Satellites. They can be natural (a moon) or artificial (space probes). Earth is a satellite of the Sun, the Moon is a satellite of the Earth and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is a satellite of the Moon.
The force of gravity is the only force acting to keep bodies in orbit. It is the inertia (which is not a force) of these orbiting bodies that keeps them from actually being pulled together completely. Gravity and inerta act in "balance" to allow orbiting bodies to continue to move the way they do.
A solar system is a group of heavenly bodies (planets, moons, asteroids, etc.) orbiting a star (a sun.)
The correct spelling of the plural noun is satellites(orbiting bodies).
There is no scientific term for everything in space, other than "everything." As for objects orbiting a star, a satellite is an object orbiting a larger object. A moon is a planet's satellite, as a planet is often a star's satellite, and a star is often the satellite of a galactic core (often a black hole). A common term for objects orbiting the sun (designation Sol) is "Celestial Bodies" or "Heavenly Bodies." This is not, however, an accurate term, as space is not 'heaven,' or 'celestial,' and 'bodies' imply set and indivisible objects. Therefore, satellites is the best term for "All the space objects orbiting the sun."
Correct. The Moon is the Earth's only natural satellite, contrary to most planets in out Solar System that normally have multiple celestial bodies [moons] orbiting them.
A Satellite (like our moon) Orbiting bodies are in fact orbiting each other, so that there are binary stars (two stars of about equal size) that are orbiting each other, or even binary planets.
It can be described as pretty accurate and a good predictor of how the bodies will react.
The Roche limit is the orbital distance at which a satellite with no tensile strength (a "liquid" satellite) will begin to be tidally torn apart by the body it is orbiting. A real satellite can pass well within its Roche limit before being torn apart.
Apogee is a place, not en event. Apogee is the point in the orbit of an Earth satellite at which the satellite is farthest from the Earth. (Since all closed gravitational orbits are ellipses rather than circles, the distance between the orbiting bodies changes.)
Because the central star is a source of heat, bodies orbiting nearer to it will be warmer than those further away.
Asteroids
A satellite is a body orbiting another like a planet or moon. A natural satelite is not man-made. The moon and other bodies were called this before the artificial, or man-made satellites were ever made like the ISS.
The Moon is Earth's only significant natural satellite. There may be very small bodies orbiting Earth as well... by "very small" I mean "a few meters or less". These would be hard to detect. If you're talking about objects like Cruithne, it's not really a satellite of Earth.
The continents are earth's largest bodies of land. The oceans are the Earth's largest bodies of water.