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In taxonomy there is a distinction between prokaryotes (organisms with unnucleated cells) and eukaryotes (organisms with nucleated cells).

There are 2 kingdoms of prokaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea. All species in these kingdoms are unicellular. Archaea and Bacteria differ from one another in the composition of their cell walls.

The kingdoms of eukaryotes are:

Plantae, which includes land plants, all multicellular and photosynthetic with cell walls of cellulose and large vacuoles.

Animalia, which includes all animals, all multicellular and heterotrophic without cell walls.

Fungi which are saprotrophic/saprophytic and have cell walls of chitin and can be either unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (eg. basidiomycetes - mushrooms, and ascomycetes).

Protista, which is a collection of organisms that do not fit into any of the other kingdoms. One day, protists may be divided into a further 60 or so kingdoms. They include protozoa and algae. Some may be unicellular (like Paramecium and Euglena) and some may be multicellular like kelp.

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Q: What are the major kingdoms and their characteristics?
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