Carminative, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, galactagogue, appetite stimulant.
The phytochemical anethol, alpha-pinene, fenchone, limonene, camphene.
Not to be used by pregnant women as medicinal remedies. Essential oil of fennel is toxic in doses as small as 5 ml, the volatile oil should not be ingested.
Antispasmodic, anticoagulant.
Anti-inflammatory.
Laxative or purgative.
Harvest fennel leaf from time to time throughout the growing season, the seeds and root in autumn. The root is generally less medicinally potent than the seeds.
Anti-bacterial, astringent.
Antiviral, antibacterial, expectorant.
Diuretic and anti-inflammatory.
Anti-inflammatory.
Astringent, sedative, hypotonic.
Diuretic and diaphoretic.