Months:
Nisan, Iyar, Sivan, Tamuz, Av, Elul, Tishrei, Cheshvan, Kislev, Tevet, Shevat, Adar. In leap years, a second Adar is added after the regular Adar.
Holidays:
Many of these holidays are found in Leviticus ch.23. The holidays begin at sunset and last until after nightfall around 25 hours later.
A list of Jewish holidays, fasts and occasions:Fast days:
The fasts start shortly before dawn and end at twilight, except for Tisha B'Av which starts the evening before at sunset and lasts for 25 hours. The 3 weeks between Shiva Asar B'Tamuz and Tisha B'Av is a period of mourning for the destruction of the Temple, referred to as "the 3 weeks" or Bein Hameitzarim. The mourning intensifies during the last 9 days of these 3 weeks.
Each festival has its specific laws:
12 months in a regular year,13 months in a Leap year
There are 12 months in the Hebrew calendar. In a leap year there are Adar A and Adar B. Adar is the sixth month.
It is made of days, weeks, months, and years, just like the western calendar.
No. Some countries use different calendars. So for example you have a Hebrew calendar, a Chinese calendar, an Islamic calendar, a Hindu calendar and many others. For those that use the Gregorian calendar, the months are the same around the world.
There are actually four new years in the Jewish calendar:First of Nisan - this is the day that all holidays are counted from.First of Elul - the first of the months regarding Maasrot (tithing).First of Tishrei - Rosh Hashana15th of Shevat - Tu B'Shevat - the new year for trees.
The Hebrew calendar is a lunar and solar calendar, meaning its months follow the moon's cycle around the world, whereas the secular calendar is only a solar calendar which follows the sun.
In the Ancient Egyptian Civil Calendar, the months were: Thoth, Phaopi, Athyr, Choiak, Tybi, Mechir, Phamenoth, Pharmouthi, Pachon, Payni, Epiphi and Mesore. Currently, Egypt uses the Gregorian Calendar for day-to-day activities (with the Arabic names for the months) and the Islamic Calendar for religious holidays.
The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar; it follows both the moon and the sun. Each month begins at the time of the new moon like a lunar calendar, but seven out of every nineteen years have thirteen months each instead of twelve to keep the calendar in sync with the seasons.
The Hebrew calendar works the same in every country of the world, including Norway. It's a lunisolar calendar with 12 lunar months, and a leap year adjustment of an extra month every few years.
The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar. The months are 28-29 days based on the lunar cycle, but the leap year system is based on the solar cycle. The lunar year is 354 days, but every few years, a leap month is added to keep the months in the same seasons.
Christmas is not tied to the Hebrew calendar. Since it's tied to the Western calendar, it falls on a different date every year on the Hebrew calendar. (The opposite of Jewish holidays, which are the same date every year on the Hebrew calendar, but different dates on the Western calendar. Here are Hebrew Dates for Christmas for the next 5 Years: 2013 = 22 Tevet 5774 2014 = 3 Tevet 5775 2015 = 13 Tevet 5776 2016 = 25 Kislev 5777 2017 = 7 Tevet 5778
The Gregorian Calendar is solar and the Hebrew Calendar is lunisolar.