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The expansion of the universe. Imagine a rubber band if you stretch the rubber band you can imagine that the present universe is like that, all stretched out and able to stretch more. But remember the state the rubber band started out BEFORE you stretched it. The Big Bang theory just states that if the universe is expanding, it's logical to think that there was once a time when everything was super dense and what not. Hence there was every force to keep pushing everything further away, which of course, is the expansion the universe is experiencing currently.

You should read Hawking's A Brief History of Time for a better understanding.

Edit : To answer the question, there are at least these 4 pieces of evidence

that support the "Big Bang" theory.

1) The expansion of the Universe, particularly Hubble's Law.

2 The comparative abundance of the original elements : Hydrogen,

Helium, and Lithium.

3) The Cosmic Background Radiation.

4) The distribution and evolution of the galaxies.

You can follow these leads for more information, but it is a complicated

subject.

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