people are born with the right to freedom
During the Enlightenment, political leaders began to accept that people are born with the right to freedom, and to the right to control their own governments.
1) Attacks on the Divine Rights of Kings.
2) Equality before law.
3)Checks and balances in Governments.
4) The Development of Constitutionalism.
5) Laissez-faire and the Attacks on Mercantilism. (Adam Smith)
6) Popular Sovereignty.
7) Limited Government.
8) Separation of Powers. (Charles Montesquieu)
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People are born with the right to freedom
It provided the intellectual spark for the American and French Revolutions.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
doctor who
The French Revolution was a wakeup call to European monarchs who were shocked and appalled at what had happened in France. They feared this might encourage people in their countries to do the same. As a result, efforts were made to incorporate Enlightenment ideals in many countries.
to change the economic, political, and social forces of peoples lives.
European EnlightenmentEurope enlightmentEuropean Enlightenment
In later years of Enlightenment, absolute monarchs in the several European countries adopted some ideas of Enlightenment political philosophers.
Natural rights 3.4.2
European political thinkers who supported the Enlightenment believed in ideas such as reason, progress, liberty, and individual rights. They advocated for the necessity of government based on social contract theory and the protection of natural rights. These thinkers also promoted the separation of powers and checks and balances in government to prevent absolute power.
a nation had a duty to preserve itself
Enlightenment thinkers reduced the power of European monarchs by promoting ideas of individual rights, separation of powers, and limited government. They challenged the divine right of kings and advocated for constitutional monarchies or republics based on the rule of law. These ideals influenced the development of political systems that placed constraints on the absolute authority of monarchs.
By suggesting that kings were not given their political power by God.
By suggesting that kings were not given their political power by God.
A decline in religious beliefs; instead, the European Enlightenment was marked by an increased focus on reason, science, and individual rights.
Enlightenment
Philosophers of the European Enlightenment favored the protection of Individual rights.
The Enlightenment Principles.