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It's primary succession!
the lava and ash deposited during a volcanic eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil
A landslide or volcanic eruption is a kind of primary disturbance. It causes a very drastic and sudden change in the landscape.
on a new rock created by a volcanic eruption
on a new rock created by a volcanic eruption
Both logging snow melting and a tree falling and a volcanic eruption are disturbance. The are both a big thing for the earth.
Primary polluters are air pollutants that come directly from a source. A volcanic eruption is an example of a primary pollutant.
A new island formed by volcanic eruption
A new island formed by volcanic eruption
Primary succession occurs in an area where there is only bare rock - no organisms and no soil. This occurs after a volcanic eruption on land that covers an area in lava. It also occurs when a volcano at sea becomes tall enough to become a volcanic island.
Yes, there is early warning before most volcanic eruptions. The primary sign is small earthquakes or land tremors and shakes near the volcano.
A primary ecological disturbance will be the one which will directly affect the ecosystem. For example flood, volcanic eruption, earthquake. A secondary ecological disturbance will be the one which will indirectly affect the ecosystem.