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What were religious temples in Sumer known as Ziggurats
Rabbis.
yes, hindu Temples do use Religious music. They are called mantras or shlokas.
The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
People who believe in Judaism are called Jews.
Chinese temples are commonly referred to as "buddhist temples" or "daoist temples," depending on the religious affiliation. They may also be called "joss houses" in some regions.
A Rabbi or a Cantor (or anyone for that matter) can interpret and teach the laws of Judaism.
Halakhah (הלכה) which means "the way"
Yes there are still religious groups called the Rightouse like Christianity and Judaism, or Islam.
Sounds like a Zen koan. In Judaism, a Jew is fully a member of the Jewish people if he/she was born Jewish, or had a valid conversion into Judaism. Religious Judaism holds that a Jew can most fully express and nurture their Judaism by living according to the Torah. This is called by several names: religious Judaism; Torah-Judaism; Orthodox Judaism.
A practitioner of Judaism is called a Jew. A Jewish religious authority is called a rabbi.
Jewish law is called 'halacha'.