They are called "Tug boats", or simply "Tugs".
Phillip J. Duncan has written: 'Owners & vessels associated with the small ports of the River Tay, 1824-1854' -- subject(s): Shipowners, Directories, Genealogy, Ships
During the US Civil War, the South had virtually no navy. This prevented them from actively battling with Union ships that were sent to blockade important Southern ports. Instead, they used mines, artillery fortifications and small scale raiding vessels to impede the Northern blockade.
Miners rode horses, walked, caught ships who came to ports near the gold, railroads, small boats up rivers, wagons, and stagecoaches.
Only about 20 Whaling vessels are still used today (Not including small fisherman boats which is used like in Faroe Islands. Nearly half is Japanese Whaling ships.
The Union blockade of major Southern ports was a method to cut off trade between the Confederacy and foreign countries. The South used torpedoes, fortifications around certain ports and privateers to circumvent Union warships blockading ports. It also had a small war fleet to attack Union ships.
The Confederacy was not able to create a naval force powerful enough to challenge or break the Union's blockade. With that said, the Confederate Secretary of the Navy, Stephen Mallory, improvised several responses. It fortified forts guarding major ports and rivers that extended into the South. Mallory made use of "torpedo" warfare, meaning sea mines that impaired Union ship movements. The Southern navy also bought small and fast cruisers from Great Britain to sink or damage Union cargo vessels. The idea behind this was two fold, many Union cargo ships were indeed destroyed, and it caused the Union to divert some of its blockading warships to defend its cargo vessels.
The South used small, fast ships called blockade runners to outrun the longer Union warships and reach trading ports.
Navy force is military. Warships, Aircraft Carriers, submarines etc. 'Merchant navy' refers to commercial vessels. So shipping: oil tankers, container ships, bulk carriers etc. Also passenger ships which include cruise ships and ferries. Also small offshore support vessels which work with offshore oil rigs are included.
At the beginning of the US Civil War the US Navy had 90 ships however only 40 were commissioned vessels. It also did not have the ships needed to conduct a war against the South. The navy lacked the ocean going force, equipment doctrine and training for operations on its coast and internal waterways. President Lincoln liked General in Chief Winfield Scott's plan on blockading Southern ports. To this end, ships on overseas duty were recalled to help on the blockades. The navy grew quickly. Within 9 months the US commissioned 76 ships, bought 136, and built in its safe harbors and shipyards another 52. Within 12 months the US Navy had 300 vessels.The South began the war with no navy at all and could never hope to match the US in war vessels. They bought as many as they could from England and used these small but swift war cruisers to attack Union cargo vessels and harass Union blockading ships. In time places such as Mobile, Alabama were able to build a few ships but not many.
Small ships are usually called boats.
Yes they did. They decided early on that they would need a naval force to combat the Union's Anaconda plan to blockade their ports. It was a small navy with only 12 ships, but it was very effective.
The South challenged the blockade of its ports during the Civil War primarily through the use of small, fast vessels known as blockade runners, which were designed to evade Union naval forces. These ships would slip past the blockades at night or in poor weather to deliver goods and supplies from foreign ports, particularly in the Caribbean and Europe. Additionally, the Confederacy sought to construct ironclad warships and utilized coastal defenses to strengthen their maritime capabilities against Union forces. Despite these efforts, the blockade significantly hampered Southern trade and access to resources.