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There are really only 2 distinct types of Buddhism, though there are subgroups to them. The two major groups are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is call the "teachings of the Elders" and is most closest to the original teachings of the Buddha. Mahayana incorporates teachings of later Buddhas and Bodisatvas into the Buddhas original teachings. All the differnt lineages of Buddhism fall within one of these two groups but all teachings agree as to what the Buddha taught and to what the objective of Buddhism is.
mahayana is one of two major Buddhism exiting mahayana is one of two major Buddhism exiting
Theravada Buddhism focuses on the individual; Mahayana Buddhism focuses on society as a whole.
Thervada Buddhism focuses on the Buddha's wisdom, where as Mahayana Buddhism focuses on the Buddha's compassion.
The primary sacred texts of Buddhism are the Tripitaka, which is the foundational scripture for Theravada Buddhism, and the Mahayana Sutras, which are central to Mahayana Buddhism. These texts contain the teachings of the Buddha and form the basis of Buddhist philosophy and practice.
This is too complex to answer in full here, but please refer to this excellent website which has a detailed discussion of the schools and lineages:http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/schools.htmThe three branches of Buddhism are Mahayana Buddhism, Vajrayana Buddhism, and Theravada Buddhism.
Around 185 Million people are Mahayana Buddhists. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism#Mahayana
I am assuming that what you are asking is how does Buddhism today compare to what the Buddha taught. Buddhism over the years has been enriched by each culture that has been exposed to; changing the nature of practice just slightly each time. So Chan Buddhism (China) is slightly different in practice then is Zen Buddhism (Japan, Korea). But the teachings have always remained the same. Now when I speak of practice, it is the methods used to teach the Dharma (the teachings). The biggest change in Buddhism since the Buddha is the development of Mahayana Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism, to which is the tradition I practice, added teachings from later Buddhas and Bodhisattvas to The Buddha's original teachings in regards to living a compassionate life to help all other beings. So Buddhism adapts the methods but never the message or teachings.
-Theravada Buddhism -Mahayana Buddhism (Zen)
Tibetan, or Vajrayana, Buddhism is one of the four major schools of Mahayana Buddhism. The other three are Zen, Nichiren and Pure Land.The term Mahayana has two distinct usages. Firstly, it refers to one of the two branches of Buddhism, the other being the Theravada. Mahayana Buddhism in this sense includes Tibetan Buddhism. Secondly, within Tibetan Buddhism, Mahayana refers to the second of the three levels of teachings, the other two being Hinayana and Vajrayana.In some of the other schools of Mahayana Buddhism, the studying of sutras plays a crucial role in understanding reality. In Tibetan Buddhism, more emphasis is placed on studying the texts of the Prasangika-Madyamaka school (supposedly derived from Nagarjuna's teachings). Also some schools of Tibetan Buddhism constantly engage in philosophical debates on Buddhist principles to cultivate their wisdom. However, it must be noted that both the the Mahayana sutras and Prasangika-Madyamaka schools study the emptiness philosophy of Nagarjuna. So, in essence, they should be the same (differences only arising in the conceptual dimension).The most famous book in Tibetan Buddhism is the Tibetan Book of the Dead, which can be seen not only literally as dealing with the states after death, but also with the consciousness states.Another difference betwen Tibetan Buddhism and other Mahayana schools is that Tibetan Buddhists will often practice tantra, which they believe is higher than the highest practices of the other Mahayana schools.
There are three major strands of Buddhism which are, Mahayana, Theravada, Vajrayana. If you include Ch'an / Zen Buddhism as a separate school then you have four.
Thervada Buddhism focuses on the Buddha's wisdom, where as Mahayana Buddhism focuses on the Buddha's compassion.