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What does tRNA bring amino acid to the nucleus or ribosomes?
tRNA brings the complementary base pair to the mRNA already in place. The complementary base pair codes for a certain amino acid. So tRNA does bring the amino acids to the ribosome by bringing the correct code in the sequence to make a protein.
How is the nucleotide seguence in the mRNA translated into a polypeptide sequence?
As we all know, mRNA undergoes translation to form a polypeptide sequence. Besides the mRNA, there are still the tRNA ( transfer RNA ) and rRNA ( ribosomal RNA ). All these three types of RNA are essential in determining the polypeptide sequence. This is the because, mRNA only acts as a messenger. A messenger to bring the information from the DNA to the ribosome to synthesis protein. the tRNA transports the required amino acid to form the polypeptide refering to the mRNA while the rRNA builds a site for the polypeptide synthesis to occur. For translation to occur, the essential components are required : tRNA with it's anticodons to the start codon - UAC - ( start codon = AUG- methionine). the subunits of the ribosomal RNA and the mRNA that needs to be translated. i)the tRNA with the correct anticodons binds to the start codon. ii) the next tRNA recognizing the next codon locates itself on the ribosome and the first tRNA is transferred by ribosome. iii) Once the amino acid are in place, peptide bonds are formed between them and a polypeptide chain is formed. the first tRNA leaves the ribosome while the next tRNA takes it's place. As another tRNA recognizes the next codon, it locates itself on the ribosome once more. iv) Translation goes on until the ribosome reaches either one of the stop codon. -- UAA / UAG/ UGA.. found on the mRNA. v) When the ribosome arrives at the stop codon, translation stops. The ribosome splits to it's two sub units, and the newly synthesized polypeptide chain is released from the mRNA. vi) the tRNA and rRNA can be reused to form new polypeptides on other mRNA strands.
What two processes must occur to get from a gene to a protein?
The process by which a gene is read is through transcription and occurs through the activity of an enzyme called RNA polymerase II in the nucleus. This results in the formation of molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is then translated into a string of amino acids or protein by transfer RNA (tRNA) on ribosomes outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?
.........................This is what it is americans.................. 1. an mRNA molecule binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the mRNA biding site. A special tRNA, called initiator tRNA, binds to the start codon (AUG) on mRNA, where translation begins. The tRNA anticodon (UAC) attaches to the mRNA codon (AUG) by pairing between the complementary bases. Besides being the start codon, AUG is also the codon for the amino acid methionine. Thus, methionine is always the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide2. Next, the large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small ribosomal subunit-mRNA complex, creating a functional ribosome. The initiator tRNA, with its amino acid (methionine), fits into the P site of the ribosome.3. The anticodon of another tRNA with its attached amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon at the A site of the ribosome.4. A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between methionine, which separates from its tRNA at the P site, and the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site.5. After peptide bond formation, the empty tRNA at the P site detaches from the ribosome, and the ribosome shifts the mRNA strand by one codon. The tRNA in the A site bearing the two-peptide protein shifts into the P site, allowing another tRNA with its amino acid to bind to a newly exposed codon at the A site. Steps 3 through 5 occur repeatedly, and the protein lengthens progressively.6. Protein synthesis ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon at the A site, which causes the completed protein to detach from the final tRNA. When the tRNA vacates the A site, the ribosome splits into its large and small subunits.Read more: List_the_sequence_of_events_that_happens_during_protein_synthesis
How can the wobble hypothesis affect the anticodon and the amino acids?
The wobble hypothesis concerns the codons in mRNA and anticodons in tRNA. The initial two tRNA bases behave in a restricted manner, only binding with complementary mRNA bases (A-U and G-C). The third tRNA base can behave in a different manner (the "wobble" effect) and bind in an unlimited manner to any base on the third position of the mRNA codon. As a result, the amino acids created by the ribosomes by the triplet pairing in translation may vary more dramatically in these instances and, in turn, the amino acids produced may have more variation.
Which two structures contain codons and anticodons?
mRNA tRNA
Where does the process of translation do in mRNA?
The newly spliced mRNA binds to a ribosome. tRNA molecules migrate towards the ribosome, these tRNA molecules carries a specific amino acid. The ribosome allows two tRNA molecules into the ribosome at a time. The tRNA molecules have complementary anti-codons to the codons present on the mRNA strand. Two tRNA move into the ribosome and their anti-codons join to complementary codons on the mRNA strand. As one molecule leaves the ribosome, its amino acid forms a peptide bond with an amino acid on the adjacent tRNA molecule, with the help of ATP and an enzyme. As the ribosome moves along the the mRNA strand, a polypeptide chain is created. The ribosome stops reading the mRNA strand when it reaches a stop codon.
What is the function of ribosome RNA?
rRNA is a massive molecule consisting of two parts; a small section, and a large section. It is between these two sections that the mRNA fits, and into the large selection that the tRNA complexes (with attached amino acids) are taken. rRNA molecules have two main binding sites. When a tRNA molecule is bound, the mRNA molecule moves along one space, and another tRNA molecule binds. When this happens, the amino acids at the ends of the tRNA molecules are very close together, and a peptide bond forms. The mRNA then moves along again and the first tRNA molecule breaks away. This is translationRead more: How_are_messenger_RNA_transfer_RNA_ribosomal_RNA_different
One binding site on a ribosome holds an mRNA molecule and the other two binding?
tRNA molecules.
What identifies the specific amino acid for tRNA?
The messenger RNA strand. When the tRNA inserts itself between the two portions of the ribosome attached to the mRNA strand, the specific tRNA depends on the 3 nitrogen bases on the mRNA (the codon) that are about to be read. The tRNA that arrives has a corresponding "anticodon" to go with the codon on the mRNA. For example, if the nitrogen bases on the mRNA strand are adenine, guanine, and cytocine the tRNA will have an anticodon of uracil, cytocine and guanine. The tRNA that has the corresponding anticodon to the codon on the mRNA will bring with it a specific amino acid but it is the codon on the mRNA that ultimately decided which amino acid is next in line.
What types of RNA are present in protein synthesis?
All forms of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the transcript with the codon sequences specifying which amino acids are needed and in what order. Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to amino acids and brings them to the ribosome where the transcript is read and the protein assembled.
What is the function of ribosomal (rRNA)?
rRNA is a massive molecule consisting of two parts; a small section, and a large section. It is between these two sections that the mRNA fits, and into the large selection that the tRNA complexes (with attached amino acids) are taken. rRNA molecules have two main binding sites. When a tRNA molecule is bound, the mRNA molecule moves along one space, and another tRNA molecule binds. When this happens, the amino acids at the ends of the tRNA molecules are very close together, and a peptide bond forms. The mRNA then moves along again and the first tRNA molecule breaks away. This is translationRead more: How_are_messenger_RNA_transfer_RNA_ribosomal_RNA_different
What is Function of ribosomal RNA?
rRNA is a massive molecule consisting of two parts; a small section, and a large section. It is between these two sections that the mRNA fits, and into the large selection that the tRNA complexes (with attached amino acids) are taken. rRNA molecules have two main binding sites. When a tRNA molecule is bound, the mRNA molecule moves along one space, and another tRNA molecule binds. When this happens, the amino acids at the ends of the tRNA molecules are very close together, and a peptide bond forms. The mRNA then moves along again and the first tRNA molecule breaks away. This is translationRead more: How_are_messenger_RNA_transfer_RNA_ribosomal_RNA_different
What attaches to the mRNA strand as translation begins?
After the two ribosomal subunits attach to a strand of mRNA, a tRNA molecule with the amino acid methionine attaches to the start codon, AUG.
Which type of RNA has amino acids covalently attached?
tRNA - Transfer RNA tRNA binds amino acids through a two step "charging" reaction and brings those amino acids to the ribosome. The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme aminoacyl transferase. There are many different tRNA molecules, at least one for each amino acid, but not necessarily one for every triplet codon. The triplet codons are groups of three RNA bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid in a protein, and are matched to the complementary anticodon in tRNA. Through "wobble" it is possible for one tRNA molecule with a single anticodon to bind two triplet codons on mRNA, with a single non Watson-Crick base pair (usually the third base). Without this "wobble", there would have to be 61 different tRNA molecules (there are 64 possible triplet codons, but three of then signal termination and are not recognised by tRNA). With the "wobble", there could be as few as 20, one for each amino acid.
The actual function of RNA in protein synthesis is not yet fully understood?
Yes, it is. There are two types of RNA, mRNA (messenger RNA) which copies the DNA codons in reverse, and tRNA (transfer RNA), which recopies from the mRNA the codon in reverse, thus restoring the correct codon from the DNA. The tRNA then finds its corresponding amino acid in the ribosome and brings it to the growing polypeptide chain, attaching it in the proper place, until an entire protein is made.
How many binding sites does a ribosome have?
3, the A P E sites(they stand for something but i for got exactly what except for E for exit) A for amino acids entering, P for the amino acids to join together and E for the transport things to E exit
