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Microscope
A camera and a microscope are two devices that meet your criteria.
a travelling microscope can be used to calculate the refractive index of various materials using the real and apparent depth method. see google.
The light microscope uses visible light. Light microscopes are what are usually used in science classrooms.
The light microscope also called the optical microscope uses visibale light and a system of lenses. The actual inventor is difficult to name although Galileo's microscope was celebrated in 1624 and was the first such device to be given the name "microscope". There are claims that a Dutch spectacle-makers Hans Janssen and his son, Zacharias Janssen, but this was a declaration made by Zacharias Janssen himself during the mid 1600s.
A Scanning Electron Microscope
It is an Electron Microscope.
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An optical microscope uses light and one or more lenses to view cells. An optical microscope with two or more lenses is called a compound optical microscope.
An Electron Microscope uses electrons to magnify objects.