What are three differences between the roman calendar and the present calendar?

Answer 1

The first Roman calendar was the calendar of Romulus, which had 10 moths (6 with 30 days and 4 with 31 days) with 304 days

The second calendar was the calendar of Numa Pompilius (the second king) who reformed the Romulean calendar. He reduced the 30-day months to 29 days as for the Romans even numbers were unlucky. He added two months (Ianuarius, 29 days, and Februarius, 28 days) from the previously undefined winter days making for a year with 355 days.

Three differences were:

• The calendar was lunar instead of solar. As the average time between new moons is 29.5 days, it had hollow (30 days) and full (31 days) months.
• dates were counted backwards from the nones (half moon), which came 8 days before the ides (full moon), and the kalends, the first day of he month, which may have originally been the new moon. The ides fell on the 13th day of months with 29 days and on the 15th day of months with 31 days. The nones fell on the 5th or 7th of the month depending on the position of the ides.
• February was divided into a 23 day part and a 5 day part. A leap month (Mensis Intercalaris) was added after February 23rd and the last 5 days of February were incorporated into this month, giving this month 27 days, 22 of which were additional. This gave a leap year 377 or 378 days, depending on whether the extra month was added to the day after the 23rd of February or 2 days after. The 23rd of February was also the end of the religious year.

Julius Caesar introduced a solar calendar which is very similar to today's. The change made to this was the reform by pope Gregory XIII who shortened the year from 365.25 days to 365. 2425 days (10 minutes, 48 seconds).