1. The people were led astray by demagogues.
2. In time of defence emergency, it became necessary for the upper class to regain control to get mature leadership, and avoid indecision and bad decisions in an assembly prone to emotional responses.
Republic and democracy are two different things. A Republic can be a democracy, just as a constitutional monarchy today can be a democracy. Democracy existed in the Roman Republic, as it had three different assemblies of the citizens (Centuriate, Tribal, Plebeian). Athens went through phases - monarchy, oligarchy, limited democracy, radical democracy.
Cleisthenes, Ephialtes, Pericles.
The first appearance of democracy is often said to have been in Athens in Ancient Greece. However one should be aware that there are very great differences on what was considered democracy in Athens and what is considered as democracy today (just as there is a rather large differences between modern democracies). For example only men could vote and these men had to be landowners as well as sons of two athenian parents.
Athens and Sparta.
Democracy in Athens was an evolving experiment which lasted on and off for a bit over a century. The US is not a democracy - it is a republic which as a form of democratic government which has been going for over two hundred years and counting.
The most famous and powerful of all the city states of ancient Greece were Sparta and Athens.
democracy and philosophy
democracy and philosophy
Sparta and Athens were two of the most powerful Greek city states in ancient times.
Athens and Sparta
Sparta and Athens
Athens, Sparta.