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A rad measures the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material where as a rem measures the biological effects of different kinds of radiation. To measure the degree of biological effects produced by radiation you would need to know the mrad value as well as the type of radiation because different types of radiation produce different degrees of damage. For example every 1 mrad of beta or gamma radiation produces 1 mrem, every 1 mrad of high energy protons and neurons produce 10 mrems and every 1 mrad of alpha particles produce 20 mrems.
The standard unit of radiation related to biological hazard is known as sievert denoted by Sv. The smaller unit for the same is called rem (100 rem is 1 Sv). The difference between the unit of absorbed dose(Gray / rad) and Sv is that sievert also takes into account the biological effectiveness of the different types of radiation
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
"Bad" types of radiation are the types that hurt you. So there is no really bad types, only bad uses. See the website here for the different types: http://www.hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/radiationtypes.html Then decide for yourself what is a good use and a bad use for the different types of radiation.
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Cells that are actively dividing are most sensitive to radiation damage.
Cells that do not have a nucleus
A rad measures the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material where as a rem measures the biological effects of different kinds of radiation. To measure the degree of biological effects produced by radiation you would need to know the mrad value as well as the type of radiation because different types of radiation produce different degrees of damage. For example every 1 mrad of beta or gamma radiation produces 1 mrem, every 1 mrad of high energy protons and neurons produce 10 mrems and every 1 mrad of alpha particles produce 20 mrems.
Cells that are actively dividing are most sensitive to radiation damage.
cells that divide slowly
physical mutagens-e.g. uv radiation chemical mutagens-e.g. nitrous acid biological mutagens-e.g. viral infection
1: chemical 2: physical 3: mechanical 4: biological 5: phychosocial
There are different types of radiation; you may be referring to the electromagnetic radiation.
Infra red radiation is part of the Eletromagnetic Spectrum, it includes all types of radiation including: Radio waves, microwaves, Infra red radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, x- rays and gamma rays.Infra red radiation risks: it can damage your cornea.
Gamma radiation
X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, similar to the gamma rays from nuclear radiation. These forms of radiation are highly-penetrating, and they damage or kill cells deep within the body. People who work with these types of radiation on a regular basis want to avoid damage to their bodies, and so they take protective measures to minimize their exposure.