Division of a communication protocol into layers enables each layer designed for that specific purpose to focus on its task efficiently, thus enabling all layers to do their work very efficiently. A protocol consists of multiple tasks like transmitting physical bits, packaging them into packets, finding a suitable network path for the bits to travel, etc. so an unlayered protocol would not be able to handle all these tasks at once, let alone efficiency.
Furthermore, even if we manage to design an unlayered protocol, it cannot perform individual tasks efficiently, the one stage has to perform all tasks by itself and produces very low quality output. Designing an unlayered protocol itself is a cumbersome process.
maa chuda lo
ospf, bgp
Session Layer
Stp and vsrp
False.
TCP and UDP
The two that are most commonly used are called TCP and UDP.
The protocol adaptation layer servers as a translator between two protocols. This technology is used in digital wireless data transmission systems.
Atm frame relay
atm and frame-relay
HTTP would fall into either the Application layer or the Presentation layer. There are conflicting views as to which layer protocols like HTTP belong to, but it would be one of those two.
REST, being that it uses HTTP would fall into either the Application layer or the Presentation layer. There are conflicting views as to which layer protocols like HTTP belong to, but it would be one of those two.
There are actually more than two protocols associated with Layer 4. According to Wikipedia, there are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), and Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX).