Vaccinations is merely using a needle and syringe to inject a particular fluid into cattle to help boost their immune system against a particular disease or illness that is common to the area where they live. Types of vaccinations and how to vaccinate depend on the individual vaccinations needed and your area, so visit your local large animal veterinarian for necessary vaccinations needed for your animals.
No, you don't need vaccinations when visiting Cape Town.
Generally there are no specific vaccinations needed to go to any countries in eastern Europe.
because you might get diseases
Absolutely! Making sure your goats are wormed is one of the most important aspects in caring for it. Worms can very much hurt your goat, though you may not even know they're there until it's too late. Tetanus shots are also recommended, though it's not as important as the worming (i my opinion). I do believe there are more vaccinations, though we only worm.
Birthrate
http://www.traveldoctor.info/vaccinations/thailand.151.html#1
Depends on what the cows were doing!
Any age, really, as long as you make sure she maintains good condition, has her annual vaccinations, and can still suckle and wean a good calf. Some cows can still be mommas when they're past 20 years of age.
Milking Parlor to milk the cows inBunker to hold the feedBarns to hold the cows, sometimes not used if cows use a pastureCalf Barn to raise newborns
There are many different reasons why. The cows could've been old and no longer productive in producing a milk or a calf, Sam and Tim were low on meat and needed food, so the cows were the only source of meat that they had, or Sam and Tim where going to move away and couldn't bring the cows along, but needed meat for their journey.
A dairy veterinarian assists the farmer with any needed operations (such as cesarean sections), herd health (vaccinations), etc...