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What are viruses that attach to bacteria and inject their hereditary material?
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What attach to bacteria and inject hereditary material?
Bacteriophages (bakTIHReeuhfayjuhz)
What is the part of the cell that viruses invade?
Viruses can infect animals, plants and bacteria, and the attachments vary. In animal viruses: Animal cells have a cell membrane. Viruses attach to certain proteins in that membrane. In plant viruses: Plants can also be infected with viruses. Since they have cell walls, viruses attach to those when infecting plants. In bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria): Special viruses called bacteriophages attach to the cell walls of bacteria by way of proteins.
What are some types of bacteria have cell walls?
All bacteria have cell walls. A cell wall outside the cell membrane is found in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea. This cell wall is often a target of antibiotics. Viruses also attach to the bacteria cell walls. The bacteria that have cell walls include staph and strep.
What can viruses attach themselves to?
Computer viruses can be attached to e-mail messages, address books, and attachments.
What does Gene therapy research use to alter defective hereditary material?
Researchers replace a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene. The healthy gene must first attach to a chromosome within a patient's cells. Then the gene needs to make the correct type and amount of protein. These techniques are still experimental at this time.
What attach to bacteria and inject hereditary material?
Bacteriophages (bakTIHReeuhfayjuhz)
What is the part of the cell that viruses invade?
Viruses can infect animals, plants and bacteria, and the attachments vary. In animal viruses: Animal cells have a cell membrane. Viruses attach to certain proteins in that membrane. In plant viruses: Plants can also be infected with viruses. Since they have cell walls, viruses attach to those when infecting plants. In bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria): Special viruses called bacteriophages attach to the cell walls of bacteria by way of proteins.
Where do viruses and bacteria that cause meningitis attach and multiply first?
In the nasopharynx
What is active disease?
An "active virus" is when a virus enters a cell and is active, it causes the host cell to make new viruses. This process destroys the host cell. The steps are first, the virus attach's to a host cell. Second, the virus's hereditary material enters the host cell. Third, the virus's hereditary material causes the cell to make viral hereditary material and proteins. Fourth, new viruses from inside the host cell. Fifth, new viruses are released as the host cell bursts open and is destroyed. There are five steps on how a active virus functions inside a cell.
What is the pathogen attacks specific cells and injects genetic materials?
Viruses attach specific cells and inject genetic material. There are viruses called bacteriophages that infect bacteria be injecting their genetic material into the bacterial host and invading their protein machinery. With animal viruses that infect animal cells (much larger than bacteria), the virus either injects genetic material OR gets into the cell whole before it begins to unleash its pathogenic effects
Viruses are living organisms?
viruses are not living organisms. They simply attach to a cell and when the cell reproduduces the virus is reproduced with the new cells.
Why the antibiotics are ineffective against viral diseases?
Antibiotics kill bacteria by recognising the antibodies secreted by the bacteria, then attach themselves to the bacteria and give out a signal calling for white blood cells (phagocytes) to eat up the bacteria. Viruses do not secrete the antibodies recognised by antibiotics as they do not resemble proper cells, therefore antibiotics cannot recognise viruses and thus they cannot be digested by phagocytes.
Who is experiment demonstrated that DNA is the molecule of heredity?
The Avery and Hershey-Chase Experiments • Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase provided the final experimental evidence that pointed to DNA as the hereditary material the team studied viruses that infect bacteria -the structure of these viruses is very simple: a core of DNA surrounded by a coat of protein -the viruses attach themselves to the surface of bacteria cells and inject their genes into the interior • the infected bacterial cell is then forced to make hundreds of copies of new viruses, which then burst out of the cell to infect new cells. • Hershey and Chase used radioactive isotopes to "label" or tag the DNA and the protein of the viruses -some viruses were grown so that their DNA contained radioactive phosporous (32P) -other viruses were grown so that their protein coats contained radioactive sulfur (35S) After the labeled viruses were allowed to infect bacteria, only the viruses with 32 P had labeled tracer in their interior • The conclusion was that the genes that viruses use to specify new viruses are made of DNA and not protein
Can virus get a bacteria?
Yes- Bacterial viruses are called bacteriophages. Some examples are T4 and T7 phages. They are complex DNA viruses that attach themselves to the cell surface and then inject their DNA to the inside of the bacteria. Bacteria have enzymes called restriction enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites called restriction sites. These enzymes are the bacterium's defense against phages.
What are some types of bacteria have cell walls?
All bacteria have cell walls. A cell wall outside the cell membrane is found in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea. This cell wall is often a target of antibiotics. Viruses also attach to the bacteria cell walls. The bacteria that have cell walls include staph and strep.
What do bacteriophage's do in genetic engineering?
To duplicate, viruses insert their genetic material into a host cell along with enzymes. The host cell's internal replication machinery is hijacked, and the cell begins producing the proteins to make new viruses. In genetic engineering, the viral DNA is changed (through a variety of techniques) to include the altered genetic material that is intended to change or replace pieces of the host's genome. It also usually includes a "repair protein" that keeps it from killing the host cell. Special receptors on the surface of the virus allow it to attach to the appropriate cells (for instance certain adeno-associated viruses can insert information specifically into chromosome 19), and the modified DNA is introduced via the usual method of viral reproduction. Instead of replicating new copies of the virus, the cells begin to copy the new genetic material, which then is incorporated into the host's genome.
Why can you not kill flu with antibiotics?
Antibiotics are only for killing bacteria, they do not work on viruses which are the cause of the flu. Bacteria are living organisms and so poisons and chemicals can actually kill them. But flu viruses are non-living organisms so they can not be killed, they can only be inactivated by damage or physical blocking by antibodies (made by our immune systems) of the shapes of the structures viruses use to attach to a host's cells. Viruses need a host's cells to use to reproduce, if they can not attach to the cells, they will be inactivated. Antibiotics are not capable of inactivating them.
