Iron and Carbon mainly, but also others like Magnesium and Chromium.
In liquid steel, the atoms are more free and can move around like water. In solid steel the atoms are tightly packed and cannot move at all.
The temperature of steel is determined by the amount of vibration of its constituent atoms. Hotter atoms vibrate more. And when they vibrate more, they take up more space. Hence, the steel expands.
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Carbon strengthens iron/steel by distorting its crystal latice. It is unfortunately a very complex effect and depends on how the steel is heat treated and exactly what percentage of carbon is added, to much could make it weaker also.
In liquid steel, the atoms are more free and can move around like water. In solid steel the atoms are tightly packed and cannot move at all.
the steel has stronger force between its atoms compared to chalk
Energy. The atoms in solid steel are moving more slowly than the atoms in liquid steel.
The temperature of steel is determined by the amount of vibration of its constituent atoms. Hotter atoms vibrate more. And when they vibrate more, they take up more space. Hence, the steel expands.
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According to my calculations, Carbon Steel was used thousands of years ago, because, if carbon steel swords were invented thousands of years ago then- heres a question: if carbon steel swords was invented back then, then what made carbon steel swords? the same thing we use to make carbon steel, which is mainly carbon and iron. The carbon, when mixed with molten iron, in fixed proportions, steel of varying strengths are formed. Steel is strong since the carbon atoms enter the metallic lattice of iron the difference in size of the carbon and iron atoms restrict movement of the layers (atoms) hence when a force is applied, the steel resists. by 11SHIFT
Well when you put steel in water, the water will make the steel more softened, and then the rust starts forming cause the water dissolves the steel atoms then you have a red rusted steel metals.
That he is self aware
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Carbon strengthens iron/steel by distorting its crystal latice. It is unfortunately a very complex effect and depends on how the steel is heat treated and exactly what percentage of carbon is added, to much could make it weaker also.
metallic bonds