In the simplest terms, Roosevelt attempted to violate the doctrine of "separation of powers," that the Constitution mandated to ensure no one branch of government becomes too powerful. Roosevelt tried to coerce Congress into passing the Judiciary Act of 1937, which would have allowed him to add as many as six new justices to the Supreme Court in order to dilute the votes of the original justices. If successful, President Roosevelt would have had de facto (not legal, but in practice) control over two independent branches of government.
More information:
Under the Constitution, Supreme Court justices can not be removed for disagreeing with the President. Nor do they have a mandatory retirement age. So the "nine old men," as Roosevelt called them, could not be displaced. Roosevelt devised a scheme* to circumvent this constitutional provision by proposing to appoint one new justice for each sitting justice over the age of 70.5, to a maximum of six. This would have increased the size of the Court from nine to fifteen.
Roosevelt's intent was to override the majority on the Supreme Court by appointing liberal justices who supported the New Deal, and shifting the Court's ideology from conservative to liberal.
Very few people, including most members of Roosevelt's own Democratic party, supported the plan because they recognized it would give near-dictatorial power to the Executive Branch (President Roosevelt) by allowing him to control two of the three branches of government. The plan violated the Constitution's separation of powers and would have destroyed the Judicial Branch's independence.
Roosevelt's plan also attempted to override Congress' constitutional authority to set the size of the Supreme Court, another violation of the separation of powers that would set a dangerous precedent for the future.
Both parties in Congress recognized Roosevelt's plan was unconstitutional. The Senate voted 70-20 to refer Roosevelt's Bill to the Judiciary Committee for review, and the Bill died in committee. This allowed Congress to enforce the separation of powers without directly confronting the President.
njnjnjnj
Most Latin American countries have democratic or federal republic governments. Franklin Roosevelts "Good Neighbor Policy"
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Worth of the individualequality of all personsmajority rule, minority rightsnecessity of compromiseindividual freedom
they were upset, congress passed a law making it a crime to criticize the government or to interfere with the war effoert
French-American Foundation was created in 1976.
American Eagle Foundation was created in 1985.
The American Chestnut Foundation was created in 1983.
The American-Scandinavian Foundation was created in 1910.
Hindu American Foundation was created in 2004.
American Bar Foundation was created in 1952.
American Liver Foundation was created in 1976.