Just about all battery brands have both maintenance (w/caps) and maint free (without)
Maintenance free battery
to vent the Hydrogen gas that is produced when the battery is being charged.
They don't all have vent caps.
Yes, it is. Sulphuric acid is in lead-acid batteries. The batteries which are very commonly used on vehicles. Unlike most 'dry' batteries used today, the acid is in liquid form in the battery (It is a 'wet' battery) so it can be dangerous if someone upset one. The strong acid may leak out through the vent holes at the caps of each cell.
All lead acid batteries are always charged with the caps on. What this prevents is the acid accidentally boiling up an out of the cell and doing damage to surrounding equipment. When a car battery in a vehicle is charging when the engine is turning over, the caps remain on. This procedure should be no difference when the battery is on a plug in battery charger, the caps remain on. There are vent holes in the caps which allow any built up pressures to release.
charge batteries with caps in place.most U.S.A batteries are made with flame.
Maintenance free batteries have no filler caps and you do not need to check the level nor add distilled water.
There are no brass caps on any of the numerous batteries I have seen.
Ventilation. Auto batteries out-gas hydrogen under certain circumstances, and it must have a way to escape the battery case. "Holes in the caps" would be an older style battery. Today, most batteries have a flat, narrow tube along the top that fufills that function.
Caps prevent sunburn to the scalp and face, though the neck is still exposed. It shields the eyes from direct sunlight. Some caps that have vent panels help the scalp stay cooler but without risk of sunburn.
Home Depot
On standard unsealed lead-acid batteries, just unscrew the caps and refill if needed. This cannot be done on sealed lead-acid or gel cell lead-acid batteries. Dry cell batteries don't contain acid.
For most types of batteries, chemically yes. For certain types of batteries (e.g. lead acid which can vent and sometimes needs acid added), chemically no. But for all batteries, electrically and thermally no. So the final answer is NO.