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A water-powered factory did not create pollution and could only operate near water, but a steam-powered factory did create pollution and could operate anywhere on land
Most factories were built near water to power the machines.
The first U.S. factories were built in New England near rivers and streams to harness water power for manufacturing. Cities like Lowell, Massachusetts and Pawtucket, Rhode Island were early industrial centers in the United States during the 19th century.
water power
Water
the power from the flowing water provides power to the factory
Steam-powered factories could be built in cities.
Steam-powered factories could be built in cities.
At first water power was the primary power source. Factories were built on the banks of rivers, and huge water wheels driven by the flow of the river would power the factory. Then the invention of the steam engine made it possible to build factories almost anywhere, and steam engines replaced water wheels as the primary power source in factories.
Man power powered factories then coal powered them
steam engines
Steam-powered factories could be built in cities.