Geologists can learn about past conditions such as wind direction, sediment composition, and rates of erosion and deposition by examining dune bars and ripples. These features provide valuable information about ancient environments and the processes that were active in shaping the landscape.
ripples
traction, saltation and suspension
Dunes on the surface of a planet indicates it has loose sand being blown by wind.
In general, a land form formed by windblown sand is likely to be a sand dune, although depending on the direction and strength of the wind, it may also be formed into sets of wave like ripples. Dunes are much larger and more permanent than ripples, which are usually only one meter in wavelength, and no more than one meter in amplitude. ripples disappear and appear in wind storms, but dunes, which are immense, stay solid, and slowly migrate downwind, unless they are fixed in place with vegetation.
Paleocurrent direction is important in reconstructing past climate and drainage patterns: sand dunes preserve the prevalent wind directions, and current ripples show the direction rivers were moving.
Trough Crossbeds are the stereotypical deposit made from fossilized sand dunes. There are however many finer scaled deposits made on the dune such as wave ripples which are only a few sand grains in height.
Cross-bedding refers to inclined layers in sedimentary rock that were formed as a result of wind or water driven ripples or dunes in the original depositional environment.
It was open hard desert with sand dunes to the south.
Seif dunes and star dunes in Algeria
Large piles of sand are called dunes.
Wind erosion causes all the conditions mentioned in your question.
There are only two sand dunes in Michigan. The two sand dunes are Sleeping Bear Dunes and Sliver lake sand dunes.