Protein (amino acids,precisely) sequences yield much information about the function of the protein more than its species diversity.
The sequencing of amino acids in a protein is determined by the order of nucleotides in the gene that codes for that protein. During protein synthesis, the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into the sequence of amino acids. This process is carried out by the ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.
Sequencing a protein to discover the sequence of amino acids is an example of structural analysis. Understanding how that protein functions and interacts with other proteins in a cell is an example of functional analysis.
The UCSC Genome website contains the sequencing information for several genomes. Scientist are continuously sequencing different organisms, and this website is a compilation of that information in a usable format.
Amino acid sequencing refers to the process of determining the order of amino acids in a protein or peptide. This information is crucial for understanding the structure and function of the protein, as amino acid sequence dictates the three-dimensional shape and biochemical properties of the molecule. Techniques like mass spectrometry and Edman degradation are commonly used for amino acid sequencing.
The most common protein produced by transgenic organisms is insulin.
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DNA sequencing has revolutionized the science of classifying organisms by providing a more accurate and objective way to understand evolutionary relationships between species. It has allowed for the reclassification of many organisms based on genetic similarities rather than physical characteristics, leading to a more precise and comprehensive system of classification. Additionally, it has revealed unexpected relationships between organisms that were not apparent before, leading to a better understanding of biodiversity.
Sangers sequencing technique is used to determine the order of nucleotides in a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It was first used to discover the order of the nucleotides in the genomes of various organisms during the Human Genome Project.
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The first protein to be sequenced was insulin in 1955 by Frederick Sanger and his team. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and its sequencing was a significant milestone in the field of biochemistry.
Complete characterization of peptides/proteins, including post-translational modifications (PTMs), sequence mutations and variants, is very challenging. There are two approaches to determine the sequence of peptide/protein by mass spectrometry: database search and de novo sequencing. Database search approach compares acquired mass spectra to a database of known protein sequences to identify the protein sequences.