by their boundaries
earthquake waves travel through the earths crust.
Waves.
Earthquake waves travel outward in all directions from the point of seismic activity, which is known as the focus. The waves can move through the Earth's interior in various directions, including up towards the surface, causing shaking and potential damage.
Primary waves (P-waves) are the fastest seismic waves and are the first to arrive at a seismograph after an earthquake. They travel through solids, liquids, and gases, but their speed and direction change when they pass from one material to another.
Primary waves (P-waves) are always the first waves detected during an earthquake. These are compressional waves that are the fastest seismic waves to travel through the Earth, causing the ground to move back and forth in the direction the wave is traveling.
Seismic waves travel outward in all directions from their point of origin, which is the focus of an earthquake. The waves propagate through the Earth's interior in various patterns and speeds, with different types of waves exhibiting different behaviors.
S-waves are secondary waves that travel slower than P-waves and have a shearing motion perpendicular to their direction of propagation. They cannot travel through liquids and are responsible for causing the most damage during an earthquake.
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Since an earthquake or seismic wave is a pressure or force wave (like sound waves), it requires a material in which to propagate. So, no earthquake waves can travel through a vacuum.
Body waves of an earthquake consist of P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are compressional waves that travel fastest and can move through both solid and liquid materials. S-waves are shear waves that travel slower and can only move through solid materials, causing them to shake perpendicular to their direction of travel.
Refraction occurs when light waves pass from one medium to another with a different optical density, causing a change in the speed of light and a change in its direction. This change in direction is due to the bending of the light waves as they travel through the different mediums.
P waves or primary waves.