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What caused the two major counter offensives by General Lee into Union territory during the US Civil War?
ChuckSiata
Generally speaking a counter offensive does not require the event to coincide with a victory, but in the two cases under review here they did. In each case, Major General Robert E. Lee launched his two major counter offensives after a solid Southern victory, then Lee counter attacked. The first instance was after Lee won the second Battle of Bull Run. He then proceeded to launch a successful counter attack into Maryland. And, after one of the most astounding victories of the war at Chancellorsville, Lee once again was successful in crossing the Potomac River as he did in 1862. His counter attack came at the expense, this time over Union General Joseph Hooker.
Now, with that said, there is no doubt that the counter attacks succeeded. If it were not so, then the Army of the Potomac never would have allowed Lee to cross the Potomac River. These were huge errors by the Union, and more directly on the two different commanders of the Army of the Potomac. The end results at Antietam and Gettysburg do not effect the success of Lee in even getting to the two destinations.
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