Either catalytic converter or EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system issues.
Yes if it is emissions related.
That will cause you to fail an emissions inspection. Anything which triggers the CEL will, because everything which triggers it will adversely impact the emissions system on that vehicle.
A dirty fuel filter could force a lean condition causing the check engine light to iluminate. In which case the vehicle would fail an emissions test.
you will fail the emissions test.
The vehicle will fail an emissions test.
No, but you will fail an emissions test.
Yes, it can if faulty or missing.
Usually it is the O2 sensor
The airbag light would have nothing to do with emissions. If they are doing a safety inspection, it would fail.
Performance may be okay but you will probably fail an emissions test.
It will fail most tests if the light is on.
It may fail the emissions test.