Hyper Epinephrine is over production of epinephrine by theadrenal medulla, (which could be due to a tumor in the medulla) although there are other causes. epinephrine causes, vaso-constriction which causes increased blood pressure. it also causes increased blood glucose levels.
The neurotransmitter epinephrine can cause the blood pressure to become low. This neurotransmitter also regulated the heart rate. It is often controlled by stress.
Because it causes less cardiovascular side effects than common epinephrine
Epinephrine can cause vasodilation provided the level is low enough. If beta-2 recptors are activated (without the level of epinephrine being high enough to involve the significant numbers of alpha receptors), then the effect of epinephrine on the vascular smooth muscle be relaxation, thus, dilation. However, higher levels of epinephrine will activate alpha receptors which will cause vasoconstriction.
It prevents the anesthetic from being systematically absorbed. The local anesthetic will cause vasodilation, and this can push some of the drug into systemtic circulation. Epinephrine causes vasoconstricton and keeps the anesthetic drug in the area where it was administered.
It initiates the flight or fight response within the body. Epinephrine is just another word for adrenaline. It causes your heart to beat rapidly.
Pheochromocytoma is an adrenal tumor that results in excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increased after load caused by epinephrine's vasoconstrictive properties can cause difficulty ejecting blood from the left ventricle which causes backup into the pulmonary veins.
There are numerous causes, but one of the most "abnormal" would be a pheochromocytoma a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal gland. That part of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing epinephrine, and the tumor often releases large amounts of epinephrine into the blood.
epinephrine and norpepinephrine
epinephrine and norepinephrine epinephrine and norepinephrine
Some of the cases could be caused by standard local anesthetics such as Marcain combined with epinephrine.