The City of Amsterdam
It became dominant in the Western Mediterranean, and then became embroiled in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Because it had a central location overlooking the Bosporus and Dardanelles. In order to trade between the Mediterranean Sea and black sea you had to go through Constantinople. It became the wealthiest part of the Roman Empire and controlled most trade between the east and west.
Poland did.
Poland did.
There have been many conflicts between Greece and Mediterranean nations. One of the most historical is when Rome became the leading power in the area and threatened Greece through war.
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It became dominant in the western Mediterranean, and in punishing Macedonia for helpong Carthage in the Second Punic War, became involved in the eastern Mediterranean.
Baltic Sea
The 'colonies' they established were in fact trading stations. This allowed them to trade extensively in local produce and cross-trade between areas as well as just in their own produce of timber, food and dyes. The exception was their colony Carthage, which grew in strength to establish its own trading colonies in the western Mediterranean.
venice
Venice