It became a standoff between Athens and its empire and Sparta and its allies, leading to a resolution in the destructive Peloponnesian War.
One thing was strife between the city-states. This continued on after the persian wars.
Argos.
First Athens, then Sparta, then Thebes until Macedonia took over.
There were already over 2,000 Greek city-stares. None was created from the Persian war.
The Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece.
The Peloponnesian League in 404 BCE.
Athens converted the alliance it led into an empire of its own.
For three decades, Sparta until overthrown by Thebes.
Segeral city states formed an alliance after the Persian wars to make it possible to combat the Persians.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
Pericles.
The Persian Empire and various combinations of Greek city-states.