The conversion efficiency
Electrical energy is converted into thermal and kinetic energy.
This question is misguided. Energy conversion means one form of energy is converted into another, and energy is not made of materials.
The principle of mass conversion to energy. The mass loss (due to nuclear fission or nuclear fusion) is converted to thermal energy. The thermal energy is converted (through turbines) to mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is converted (through electric generators) to electrical energy.
light energy is converted to chemical energy i.e. sunlight is converted to starch during photosynthesis.
It's never "consumed". It is converted into other forms of energy ... and at each conversion some is converted into heat. Sooner or later (with each conversion) it all turns into heat energy.
More or less - however, any energy conversion is subject to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. A simplified explanation is that there are irreversible processes in nature, and that energy converted to heat can no longer be completely converted to other types of energy.
Electrical Enegy is converted to Chemical Potential Energy
Energy conversion simply means that one type of energy is converted to another type of energy.
Chemical energy gets converted into heat and light energy. Sound energy is also produced.
The same as when anything falls. Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Almost invariably, in any energy conversion, some energy gets converted into waste heat.
Kinetic energy from the finger is converted to electrical energy when the button completes the circuit. Then when the electrical energy reaches the bell it is converted into sound energy.