The Concordat of Worms was an agreement that ended an important controversy between the Church, under Pope Calixtus II, and the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. The broader power struggle between the Church and monarchs had continued for some time. The agreement was that the Holy Roman Emperor had the right to confer secular authority on bishops, but the Church had the right to confer religious authority.
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Divided Charlemagne's empire into three separate kingdoms
The position of Pope of the holy Roman empire.
The Concordat of Worms was an agreement between the Church and the Holy Roman Empire, signed in the City of Worms, in Germany, in 1122. It brought an end to the Investiture Controversy and recognized the right of the Church to appoint its own bishops. It was an important step toward the idea of separation of Church and State, and was an blow to the belief in the divine right of kings.
The Treaty called the Concordat of Worms (1122) gave the church sole power to appoint bishops and abbots in the Holy Roman Empire. It resolved the Investiture Controversy, a power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over the appointment of church officials.
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Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire created an empire reaching from Egypt to India.
The mass movement of peoples from Eurasia into the Empire overwhelmed the Roman ability to retain control.
It resulted from a confrontation between the Athenian empire and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. It went on for an unexpected 27 years and devastated Greece. Athens eventually lost and was stripped of its empire. Fighting between Greek cities resumed as usual shortly afterwars.
Was a war Fought between 1854 and 1856 it began as a Russian attempted to attack the Ottoman Empire, opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeat.
When the Turks invaded and captured Constantinople and gained control of the Middle East, this resulted in the closure of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. The Turks were part of the Ottoman Empire.
The Peloponnesian War of the Athenian empire versus the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta resulted in the defeat of Athens which was stripped of his empire. Continuing war between Greek city-states enabled Macedonia to move in and take over.