spinal cord
autotomic
spinal cord in the central nervous system controls reflex arc and reflex action.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which work together to regulate these functions without conscious effort. Hormones and reflex pathways also play a role in controlling involuntary actions.
The cerebral cortex is not directly involved in producing reflex actions. Reflex actions are controlled at the spinal cord or lower levels of the brain without involvement of higher brain centers like the cerebral cortex.
In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement of conscious thought or decision-making processes from the brain. These reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord and are known as spinal reflexes.
Involuntary muscle action. Examples include the beating of the heart, digestion in the stomach, and reflex actions like blinking or sneezing.
The sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and effector involved in a reflex form a reflex arc. This is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action in response to a stimulus without conscious thought.
Fish do have reflex actions.
spinal cord
Reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord and do not require input from the brain. Sensory neurons detect a stimulus, send a message to the spinal cord, and motor neurons immediately send a response signal to the muscles, causing a rapid and automatic reaction.
Conscious actions, such as voluntary movements controlled by the brain, are not reflex actions in humans. These actions involve decision-making and higher brain functions, unlike reflex actions which are automatic responses to stimuli.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which work together to regulate these functions without conscious effort. Hormones and reflex pathways also play a role in controlling involuntary actions.
Reflex actions are not controlled by the brain.
An automatic reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls reflex actions in response to a stimulus. It involves sensory neurons detecting the stimulus and sending signals to the spinal cord, which then quickly activates motor neurons to produce a rapid and involuntary response, bypassing conscious control from the brain.
Most of them are controlled by the spinal column.
The cerebral cortex is not directly involved in producing reflex actions. Reflex actions are controlled at the spinal cord or lower levels of the brain without involvement of higher brain centers like the cerebral cortex.
In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement of conscious thought or decision-making processes from the brain. These reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord and are known as spinal reflexes.
Reflexes are uncontrollable movements that happen almost instantly in response to a stimuli. A reflex arc, a neuronal circuit that controls reflexes, is where reflex activities takes place.
Voluntary actions are consciously controlled movements initiated by the brain, while reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli that do not require conscious thought. Voluntary actions involve higher brain functions and can be modified based on individual intent, while reflex actions are typically quick, involuntary responses for immediate protection or survival.