Actual Cost
A tailess aircraft will almost always have a 'canard' system. This is almost the same flying technique.
only with additional training
Bruce Robert Bennett has written: 'The use of parametric cost estimating relationships as they pertain to aircraft airframes'
DoD Foreign Clearance Manual
Any aircraft can fly as long as it can produce enough lift from the wings to overcome the weight. Additional to that the aircraft needs to be of airworthy status
Donald P. Gaver has written: 'Estimating aircraft recoverable spares requirements with cannibalization of designated items (Project Air Force)'
Sight.
Floating of airplane in the air is called Hovering. This is a technique used by only some kind of aircrafts. This technique uses a small engine under the aircraft which produces lift when needed.
Follow-on
Airport expansion is needed as additional carriers enter a market. These carriers require both terminal access and support services. Additionally often airports require additional runways to handle larger heavier aircraft, and also to allow for multiple aircraft to land/takeoff at the same time.
Depends on technique, power plant, type of aircraft etc.BUT just at the point of liftoff the forward acceleration is usually at a minimum.
Each control surface on an aircraft has a hinge of some sort. By moving the control, there is an aerodynamic moment about the hinge. The pilot must provide the moment (force)to counter that hinge moment. The feedback of this required force to the pilot is an additional cue to help him to fly the aircraft.