Spain and France
Spain and Portugal were the two European countries that dominated new world claims during the Age of Exploration. Spain established vast territories in the Americas, including large parts of South and Central America, while Portugal focused on Brazil and claims in the Caribbean. Their influence was solidified through treaties such as the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided the newly discovered lands between the two nations. This rivalry laid the groundwork for European colonization and exploitation in the New World.
The French,in fact,were not poor,but greedy.They were jealous of the other countries' land claims and decided they wanted land as well.
Among others, Argentina and New Zealand have both made territorial claims on the Antarctic continent.
Countries with Territorial Claims on East Antarctica are - Australia, France, New Zealand and Norway.
Other than scientific research, several companies have claims on parts of Antarctica for its resources, but have signed treaties to defer their development.The UK, France, and Norway have exploratory claims based on "discovery" of the Antarctic (in the centuries when lands were being claimed as colonies).Argentina, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand have claims based on the continent's regional proximity to their countries.
new land, money, resources
To answer this question properly, I would need to know which set of Spain's claims you are referring to. Do you mean their claims to naval superiority? Or their claims to property in the New World?
Portugal
Yes.
The main conflict in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is between humanity and nature and how our changing relationship today will effect the lives of those in the future.
there are no countries in antarctica, however 7 countries[UK, Norway, France, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand] have made claims (and two countries [US and Russia] reserve the right to claim). Australia has made the largest claim of land and is the largest country that has territorial claims in Antarctica.