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Alexander the great began his conquests from Greece though the concept of "country" in ancient times was not that of today.

Greece was a collection of states that shared a common language, culture, customs, religion, and ethnic identity. Each of these states were governed by political systems that varied, from the newer democracy governing Athens to the oligarchy of Sparta to the older Homeric kingdoms of Macedon and Epirus. These states often fought with each other and teamed up in order to establish control over Greece.

In ancient Greece, whenever a Greek state became supreme, that supremacy entailed the depression of some states and the dependency or subjection of others. It was no different for the Greek combatants who met at Chaeronea. In the ensuing battle for hegemony of a united Greece, as the eminent historian, J. B. Bury writes: "Athens was reduced to a secondary place by Macedon, and Thebes fared still worse; but we must not forget what Sparta, in the day of her triumph, did to Athens, or the more evil things which Thebes proposed". The states then established the league of Corinth under Macedonian Hegemony and made ready as a united Greece (minus the Lacedemonians (Spartans) ) for the conquest of Persia.

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