South America
No point in the USA is less than about 5,900 miles from the Antarctic Circle.
Because the peninsula is narrow, less than 40 miles across. Even it you're in the middle, the coast can never be more than 20 miles away.
The South Pole is at 90 degrees S latitude and is located on the continent of Antarctica. Because it is a "polar" region, there is no precipitation, it has no lakes or rivers and is in fact the driest continent.
AlaskaAlaska is NOT a country, it is the biggest state if the United States which is not part of the mainland.
The ozone layer is a cover of ozone gas all over the earth's atmosphere so we cannot say that a country is not protected by it. However due to the intense depletion of this layer, its cover over the Antarctic region is being disappearing day by day. This may be the cause why there is less protection of ozone over the Antarctic region.
The Shetland Islands, 75 miles north of the Antarctic peninsula is a cold, harsh place to live. To survive in this extreme climate the Shetland Pony, native to the area, evolved smaller, hardier and most definitely hairier, to be able to live in such a place. A pony's smaller body requires much less food than an average size horse that weighs around 1000 lbs.
Rain is a rare phenomenon in Antarctica: it's too cold and dry. However, there may be rains during the summer season in the Antarctic Peninsula that make up its precipitation rate of 35cm or less per year.
The United States (state of Alaska).
Normally that is 12 Nautical miles in an open sea and where the sea or gulf waters divides less than 12 nautical miles as per convention that is 3 nautical miles.
There are at least 28 countries, each with an area of less than one thousand square miles - so the question makes little sense. The smallest country is Vatican City, with an area of 0.17 sq miles.
The antarctic, the tops of Himalayan peaks.