University California vs. Bakke or the bakke case
University California vs. Bakke or the bakke case
The Supreme Court mandated that an immigration quota system was unconstitutional
University California vs. Bakke or the bakke case
The Supreme Court decisions that declared quota systems unconstitutional while allowing other forms of affirmative action include Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). In Bakke, the Court ruled that the specific quota system used by the University of California was unconstitutional, but it did not outlaw affirmative action entirely. Similarly, in Grutter, the Court upheld the use of race as one factor in admissions processes, emphasizing a holistic review approach rather than fixed quotas.
The quota system in college admissions has traditionally been an effort to increase diversity and remedy past discrimination. One of the effects has been an increased enrollment of racial minorities and women into colleges. Another effect has been increasing grumblings from other sectors of the public who believe the quota system is a form of favoritism.
In the case of Allan Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that while affirmative action programs were permissible, the specific quota system used by the university was unconstitutional. The Court held that Bakke, a white applicant, was denied equal protection under the law because of the racial quotas. Consequently, Bakke was admitted to the medical school, and the decision emphasized that race could be considered in admissions but not as the sole factor.
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
In the US - they will tell you that there is no 'quota' system.
reconcile the quota system to the first law of the labour force in nigeria
The quota system primarily hurt immigrant groups from Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as Asian populations, by severely limiting their ability to enter the United States. These groups faced discriminatory caps and restrictions that effectively barred many from seeking refuge or better opportunities in America. Additionally, the system marginalized ethnic communities, reinforcing societal divisions and prejudice. Overall, the quota system institutionalized racial and ethnic discrimination in immigration policy.
The Emergency Quota Act.
partial quota reservation system