The Supreme Court of the United States
There is no court above the Supreme Court, therefore once they have ruled on an issue there is no higher court to hear an appeal. Their rulings are the last word on the issue.
This would depend on which constitution you speak of. If it is of the specific state's Constitution, then the highest court of that state (typically known as a Supreme Court). If it is of the US Constitution, then the final word is of the US Court. For example, in Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court decided that a Texas law against abortion violated the 14th Amendment. This would depend on which constitution you speak of. If it is of the specific state's Constitution, then the highest court of that state (typically known as a Supreme Court). If it is of the US Constitution, then the final word is of the US Supreme Court. For example, in Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court decided that a Texas law against abortion violated the 14th Amendment.
I'm not sure if you meant the highest Law or the highest Court. I know of no such law being considered the "highest law". However, the highest Court is the US Supreme Court. Highest law= US Constitution
The [State] Supreme Court (or its equivalent) has final authority unless the question being addressed in the state constitution conflicts with the US Constitution, in which case the US Supreme Court has final authority.
No, the Supreme Court has no part of the law making process. If someone challenges the validity of a law, it may end up in the Supreme Court.
A Court Martial is the court that applies military law. In the US, such courts are subject to review by higher military authority, and ultimately by the US Supreme Court.
There are the "State Court Systems" and the "Federal Court System." if you are referring to the two types of law practiced in court, there is "Civil" Law and "Criminal" Law.
A statement in the US Supreme Court has to be shown in the court. It is told by the law.
A certificate is the means by which a lower court (typically the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts) requests an answer or guidance on a point of law or constitutional interpretation from the US Supreme Court. This practice is rare. The last time the Supreme Court accepted a certificate was in 1982. It is much more common for the federal District Courts to submit certificates to the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts.
The Supreme Court of the United States
The US Supreme Court is called the high court because it is the last court in which federal questions (questions of federal and constitutional law) can be decided. There is no forum above the Supreme Court in which to appeal a decision. In the United States, "high court" is simply a colloquialism for the US Supreme Court. In some countries, the "High Court" is part of the proper title for the court.
(In the US) There is no such functionary with that title.