Hanukkah starts on the Hebrew calendar date of 25 Kislev, and lasts for eight days. The Hebrew calendar does not line up with the western calendar because it has a completely different leap year system that can shift holidays each year by to 11-28 days.
Here are the coinciding secular dates for the upcoming years. The candle lightings begin on the evening BEFORE the first date:
2011: December 20-28
2012: December 8-16
2013: November 27-December 5
2014: December 16-24
2015: December 6-14
each candle stands for one day of the miracle of Hanukkah, except for the Shamash (9th candle) which is just a helper candle used to light the others.
If you light the yahrzeit candle before it's time to light the Hanukkah-menorah, you may light the yahrzeit candle first. Otherwise, once it's past sunset, you should wait until about 20 minutes after sunset, light the Hanukkah-menorah, and afterwards light the yahrzeit candle.
Yes, you light candles on ALL 8 nights of Hanukkah.
On Hanukkah there is no tradition concerning the color of the candles. Any color is okay.
Each day of Hanukkah, an additional candle is lit on the menorah.
Sundown on the night entering the first day is when Hanukkah begins, and the first candle is lit (plus the helper-candle).
The Hanukkah candles don't have names, except for referring to them generically, as neirot Hanukkah (candles of Hanukkah). The one candle which does have a name is the extra one, used to light the others, which is called the shamash (helper).See also:More about Hanukkah
The Hanukkah-menorah holds eight candles. Each night, there is one other candle to the side, which is used to light the others. See also:More about Hanukkah
It is called the shamash (servant). See also:More about Hanukkah
The candle used to light the other candles on the menorah or chanukiah is called the shamash.
Any candle is acceptable. Some prefer tapers made of beeswax.
Eight for the eight days of Hanukkah. The ninth is for the helper-candle used to light the others.