Belief in One God, the Creator, who took us out of Egypt. Belief in the Torah. Awareness that each person has an immortal soul.
There were a great many of them, but if restricted to only one, I would have to select the deification of Jesus.
The Torah
What basic freedoms do you thinkALL people have? what were the founders belief about rights
The basic belief is the belief in one and only one God (Allah in Arabic), the Creator, with no associate, no partner, no son, no companion, and no resemblance.
The most important belief of Islam is the belief in Allah (or God and same God in Christianity and Judaism) as the one and only one God with no partner, no companion, no son, no father, no associate, and no equivalence. For other beliefs and fundamentals, refer to question below.
Judaism is not considered the father of all religions. Most of the world's religions have no connection to Judaism. Biblical Judaism is considered the parent religion of the Abrahamic Religions (Modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)
Yes, the Torah is the basic text of Judaism, containing its beliefs and laws.
ISLAM
The entire content of the Torah.
All of the commands in the Torah.
No prophet revealed the basic laws of faith in judaism. Jewish tradition holds that G-d revealed the basic laws directly to the people at Mt. Sinai, in Egypt.