According to the account recorded in the Torah and translated in Genesis,
Abraham did nothing "to" either of his sons except circumcise them.
Judaism's roots are in the Hebrew religion of Abraham; and in the Israelite religion of Moses. According to tradition, "Judaism" as such began with the covenant between Abraham and God.
According to tradition, Abraham began the practices of Judaism 3800 years ago (Talmud, Yoma 28b).
Abraham's son Ishmael.
None. According to Jewish tradition, Abraham founded what is now called Judaism; and Judaism doesn't have churches.
Christianity and Islam both have roots in Judaism. Abraham's son Issac was the ancestor of Jesus. Abraham's son Ishmael was the ancestor of Muhammad.
First, there's no such thing as a "Jewish race". That being said, according to the teachings of Judaism, Jews are descended from Isaac.
According to our tradition, Abraham died in 1637 BCE.
Muslims trace their ancestry through Abraham's son Ismael. Jews trace their ancestry through Abraham's son Isaac.
According to the Old Testament text, Abraham's first son was Ishmael.
Jews, Christians and Muslims all believe Abraham to have been the one figure of ancient times from which they can trace their common heritage. For this reason, Judaism, Christianity and Islam are sometimes referred to as Abrahamic religions.
Islam traces its ancestry through Abraham's older son, Ishma'el. Judaism traces it's ancestry through Abraham's younger son, Isaac.
Because Abraham is buried there, along with his wife Sarah, his son Isaac and grandson Jacob and their wives. They were the founders of Judaism.