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Society of Painters in Tempera was created in 1901.
To create layers of paint that reflected light
Egg yolk. Tempera is a type of paint that uses egg yolk as a binding agent to hold together the color pigments.
underpainting
A Northern Renaissance painter was more likely to produce oil paintings than an Italian Renaissance painter, who typically favored fresco and tempera. Additionally, Northern Renaissance painters often depicted landscapes and genre scenes, whereas Italian Renaissance painters focused more on religious and classical subjects.
You may be referring to portraits made in "egg tempera." Egg Tempera was a European method of painting that used ground pigments mixed with egg and applied in fine thin layers. Egg Tempera portraits are most always small in size and rendered in fine and delicate detail. Many will crack over time.
Daniel Varney Thompson has written: 'The materials and techniques of medieval painting' -- subject(s): Medieval Painting, Painting, Painting, Medieval, Pigments, Technique 'The practice of tempera painting' -- subject(s): Tempera painting
Giotto used tempera type paints - pigments with a binder of egg yolk or sizing. He painted wet plaster (fresco) or on wood.
Egg Tempera is the oldest paint known. A mixture of powdered pigmentation and egg yolk.
Vince Tempera's birth name is Vincenzo Tempera.
Medieval painters had access to several types of paint, depending mainly on what surface the paint was to be applied to. On parchment (for illustrating book manuscripts) the most common type was egg tempera which used ground-up colour pigments mixed with egg-whites (or sometimes egg yolks) and water. For painting wood, such as on altar-screens and for decorating wooden ceilings in buildings, the same pigments were mixed with oil - this might be linseed oil (from the the same flax plant that produced linen), poppy oil or oil from almonds or walnuts. Wall paintings on lime-mortared surfaces were of pigments mixed with lime and water, effectively becoming part of the wall itself; certain colours were also mixed with egg as a binder. Churches, cathedrals and monastic buildings had their interior walls covered in mural paintings, most of which have been deliberately destroyed. Paintings on stone wall surfaces were executed (from the mid-thirteenth century onwards) with oil paint. From the hairs that remain trapped in the layers of paint we know that brushes were made from the tail hair of red squirrels (now sadly endangered as a species).
The invention of oil paint was revolutionary in the Northern Renaissance. Prior to then, everyone was painting with egg tempera. Check out Arnolfini's Wedding by Van Eyck.