Language, religion, architecture, art, artistry, engineering.
The earliest European civilizations developed in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. These civilizations laid the foundation for Western culture, political systems, and philosophy that continue to influence the world today.
Diocletion was the emperor when he put into effect the reform of dividing Rome into two parts, Eastern and Western. Diocletion kept the power in the West where Rome was still the capital. His co-emperor was CONSTANTINE. Constantine was the emperor for Eastern Rome. He created his capital on the strait that connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. This capital is called CONSTANTINOPLE. Constantinople is where what we call "eastern civilizations" can find their roots. All "western civilizations" can find their roots in the original capital, Rome. Also, after Rome "fell" (meaning the western half) the eastern half still thrived for many years.
Carthage in today's Tunisia provided a basis for civilising the Western Mediterranean but this role was taken over by Rome when it annihilated Carthage.
Rome
Greece, Rome
ancient rome
Civilizations have advantages
Greece Rome and Britain
Greece and Rome
The societies of ancient Greece and Rome had similar political structures, with both being city-states or republics. However, Greece had a more direct democracy, while Rome had a more complex system with a senate and consuls. In terms of cultural achievements, both civilizations made significant contributions to art, literature, philosophy, and architecture. The impact of these civilizations on Western civilization is profound, with their ideas and institutions influencing modern political systems, art, and philosophy.
There was not a western Rome. There was only one Rome. Rome was never captured by its ememies. Although the western part of the Roman Empire fell with the capture of most of its lands by invaders, Rome was never captured and remained independent.