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What was the religious orders in the middle ages and who was in them?
There were a lot of new orders in the Middle Ages. Among the better known were the following: Augustinians Benedictines Carmelites Cistercians Cluniacs Dominicans Franciscans Trappists
What was the largest group of monks in Europe in the early Middle Ages?
For many hundreds of years the only group of monks across Europe were the Benedictines, who followed the Rule of St Benedict (written in the 6th century AD). They were always the most numerous group.Other Orders of monks were established with different views of what the Rule meant and how it should be interpreted - the Cistercians were formed in 1098, the Cluniacs in the early 10th century, the Carthusians (or Charterhouse order) in 1084. In most parts of Europe, the Benedictines remained the major monastic order throughout medieval times.The Benedictines were generally much more easy-going, considerate, rational and reasonable in their interpretation of the Rule of St Benedict: there was no mention in the Rule of monks wearing beards, for example, so the Benedictines took the view that beards were not banned. The Cistercian view was that if a certain thing was not mentioned, it was automatically banned.
What did church officials in medieval Europe wear?
It depends what you mean by "Church officials". All official members of the Roman Church, including pupils attending Church schools, were classed as clergy or clerics and all of them should have had their hair cut in the "Roman tonsure" with a bald spot at the crown of the head, indicating their status.For all grades of secular (non-monastic) cleric, the basic garment was an alb - a white linen tunic with long sleeves and a hem reaching to the ankles. What was worn over this depended on grade; deacons, archdeacons, priests, bishops and archbishops all had specific garments indicating their status or the service they were about to conduct. University students and their masters wore a special type of closed cloak called a cappa clausa.In the monasteries, the basic item was a woollen habit or tunic, worn over a linen shirt (except for the Cistercians, who disallowed underwear). This habit indicated the Order to which the person belonged: natural undyed off-white wool for Cistercians or Carthusians, black for Cluniacs and Benedictines). To this was added a cowl of the same material, or sometimes a hooded cloak.It would take too long to specify all the different types of garment worn by everyone from doorkeeper to Pope; just explaining the clothes worn by a priest is an entire answer in itself.See links below for images:
What did medieval monks wear?
They must have worn some sort of rough but durable cloth, as they were going to out in all sorts of weather. Probably they wore wool or burlap, or maybe a very heavy linen. I suppose it also depended on their location. But their clothes probably became ragged extremely quickly.
What were the Knights Templars famous for?
Both the Knights Templar and the Hospitallers were Orders of monks. The Templar Order was accepted into the Church of Rome by Pope in 1129, when their first Rule was compiled to regulate their dress, equipment and religious services. This put them on exactly the same level as other Orders of monks: the Cluniacs, Benedictines and Cistercians - with one major difference:Their task was primarily to protect Christian pilgrims travelling to Jerusalem, so they became a military religious Order consisting of knights, non-noble serjantz and servants who worked as labourers, craftsmen, cooks, grooms and so on. All of them were also (first and foremost) monks, and the Templars also included priests to conduct daily services, hear confessions and give absolution to those killed in battle. Death on the battlefield as a member of the Order was considered Christian martyrdom, meaning that a Templar would expect to go straight to Heaven.The Order of Knights Templar was abolished by Pope Clement IV in 1312, just 183 years after its acceptance by an earlier Pope. People who today pretend that the Order can be re-established conveniently forget the main part of the Templar function: as monks within the Catholic Church, regulated by a Pope and having religious conviction as their primary function.MoreThe function of the Knights Templar, to protect pilgrims, was extended to protect the property of the pilgrims, both on the road and at home. Money and other valuables were often deposited with the Knights Templar for safekeeping. In many cases, money was deposited for transportation, and this eventually turned into a system under which money could be deposited in one place and withdrawn in another. Naturally, the Knights Templar provided a prototype for the early banks.The collapse of the Templars created a need for others to provide the same service. This need was met by merchant families, whose members traveled under guard, and who could manage property for clients. This gave rise to the system of banking that appeared in the Late Middle Ages.There is a link below to an article on the Knights Templar, to the section describing their economic importance relative to banking.
What has the author Bryan Gillingham written?
Bryan Gillingham has written: 'The polyphonic sequences in codex Wolfenbuettel 677' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Church music, Herzog August Bibliothek, History and criticism, Manuscripts, Manuscripts, Medieval, Medieval Manuscripts, Music, Musical meter and rhythm, Sequences (Music) 'Indices to Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum MS 369' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Cluniacs, Fitzwilliam Museum, Graduals (Liturgical books), Indexes, Liturgy, Texts 'Music in the Cluniac ecclesia' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Church music, Cluniacs, Liturgy 'Secular Medieval Latin Song'
What has the author Philippe Racinet written?
Philippe Racinet has written: 'Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul d'Abbeville' -- subject(s): Cluniacs, History, Monasticism and religious orders, Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul d'Abbeville (Priory) 'Les societes en europe VI-ixe siecle'
What has the author Barbara H Rosenwein written?
Barbara H. Rosenwein has written: 'To be the neighbor of Saint Peter' -- subject(s): Benefices, Ecclesiastical, Church history, Church property, Cluny (Benedictine abbey), Ecclesiastical Benefices 'Rules and the \\' -- subject(s): Cluniacs, Monasticism and religious orders, Rules
What was the religious orders in the middle ages and who was in them?
There were a lot of new orders in the Middle Ages. Among the better known were the following: Augustinians Benedictines Carmelites Cistercians Cluniacs Dominicans Franciscans Trappists
When did the cistercian order come to an end?
It has not come to an end and there are still Cistercian monks today. In England all the monasteries occupied by Benedictines, Cistercians, Cluniacs, Carthusians and others were closed in the period 1538 to 1540 and all monks were either pensioned off or found alternative employment. Naturally, the Order continued to flourish in the rest of Europe. In more recent times the Cistercians (and other Orders of monks and nuns) have returned to the UK to establish themselves again; a thriving community of Cistercians currently exists at Caldey Abbey in Wales, following a regime based closely on that followed by their medieval colleagues. See link below for details of the Caldey Abbey Cistercians:
What was the largest group of monks in Europe in the early Middle Ages?
For many hundreds of years the only group of monks across Europe were the Benedictines, who followed the Rule of St Benedict (written in the 6th century AD). They were always the most numerous group.Other Orders of monks were established with different views of what the Rule meant and how it should be interpreted - the Cistercians were formed in 1098, the Cluniacs in the early 10th century, the Carthusians (or Charterhouse order) in 1084. In most parts of Europe, the Benedictines remained the major monastic order throughout medieval times.The Benedictines were generally much more easy-going, considerate, rational and reasonable in their interpretation of the Rule of St Benedict: there was no mention in the Rule of monks wearing beards, for example, so the Benedictines took the view that beards were not banned. The Cistercian view was that if a certain thing was not mentioned, it was automatically banned.
How were the lives mendicant friars different from monks?
Regular monks, such as Benedictines, Cistercians and Cluniacs lived according to a Rule that set that apart from society. While a monastery might own and manage land, the day-to-day interaction of monks with ordinary people was supposed to be strictly limited. Their life was supposed to be one of quiet contemplation of God, regular worship (they had seven daily ceremonies known as the Opus Dei) and scholarship. Monks and their regular monasteries were most often sited in the countryside, at a distance from larger towns. The mendicant friars, on the other hand, lived by different rules. Orders such as the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the Augustinians were not supposed to be separate from secular life, but rather they lived within normal society, preaching to the people, tending to their spiritual needs, running hospitals, almshouses and schools. They made vows of poverty and were supposed to live on charity: this frequently fell by the wayside, however. They often served urban populations and some historians argue they arose out of the need that came with the growth of cities in the 11th century.
How were the lives of mendicant friares different from monks?
Regular monks, such as Benedictines, Cistercians and Cluniacs lived according to a Rule that set that apart from society. While a monastery might own and manage land, the day-to-day interaction of monks with ordinary people was supposed to be strictly limited. Their life was supposed to be one of quiet contemplation of God, regular worship (they had seven daily ceremonies known as the Opus Dei) and scholarship. Monks and their regular monasteries were most often sited in the countryside, at a distance from larger towns. The mendicant friars, on the other hand, lived by different rules. Orders such as the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the Augustinians were not supposed to be separate from secular life, but rather they lived within normal society, preaching to the people, tending to their spiritual needs, running hospitals, almshouses and schools. They made vows of poverty and were supposed to live on charity: this frequently fell by the wayside, however. They often served urban populations and some historians argue they arose out of the need that came with the growth of cities in the 11th century.
What were the Monks jobs?
This is just one Abby, an excerpt and the site:= The Monks Day = Morning Main services Mid day first meal Afternoon work Early Evening rest then second meal Evening early to bed Night church services The Abbey was home for about 100 monks who spent their time worshipping God. The first monks came to the Abbey from Clung in France, so the monks were called Cluniacs which had risen from another type of monk, the Benedictine order. Each day they attended eight services in the Abbey ChurchThe Monks day started at 3.00 am when they went to the first of eight services in the Abbey Church. The services could last up to two hours. Although everyone stood all through the services, the monks had misericords which meant they could rest their rear on a small shelf. The site and the rest of the story. * http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/radstock/rht/themes/religion/monksday.html
What did church officials in medieval Europe wear?
It depends what you mean by "Church officials". All official members of the Roman Church, including pupils attending Church schools, were classed as clergy or clerics and all of them should have had their hair cut in the "Roman tonsure" with a bald spot at the crown of the head, indicating their status.For all grades of secular (non-monastic) cleric, the basic garment was an alb - a white linen tunic with long sleeves and a hem reaching to the ankles. What was worn over this depended on grade; deacons, archdeacons, priests, bishops and archbishops all had specific garments indicating their status or the service they were about to conduct. University students and their masters wore a special type of closed cloak called a cappa clausa.In the monasteries, the basic item was a woollen habit or tunic, worn over a linen shirt (except for the Cistercians, who disallowed underwear). This habit indicated the Order to which the person belonged: natural undyed off-white wool for Cistercians or Carthusians, black for Cluniacs and Benedictines). To this was added a cowl of the same material, or sometimes a hooded cloak.It would take too long to specify all the different types of garment worn by everyone from doorkeeper to Pope; just explaining the clothes worn by a priest is an entire answer in itself.See links below for images:
How were the Franciscans and other new orders different from older monastic orders?
Although the friars lived together in a religious community, they did not follow the Rule of St Benedict like monks and their work was mainly outside in society, among the poor and the sick. For this reason most communities of friars were established within towns and many English towns and cities today have streets or areas called "Greyfriars", "Blackfriars" or "Whitefriars" as a result.Monks could rarely leave their monastic precinct and many never set foot outside the cloister.Friars were all mendicant, meaning that they survived on donations and by begging. Monks were fairly-self-sufficient by contrast, growing their own food crops and running extensive farming granges.The colours of the habits worn by the friars also distinguished them from monks, who from the early 12th century wore either black habits (for Benedictines and Cluniacs) or undyed natural white wool habits (for Cistercians and Carthusians). The medieval friars wore the following:Franciscans: brown or greyDominicans: black cloaks over white habitsPraemonstratensians: whiteAustin friars: black cloaks over white habitsCarmelites: white cloaks over brown habitsOther distinctions were that friars always wore cord belts with three knots to remind them of their vows (monks did not need this reminder); they also wore sandals (monks wore shoes).
What did medieval monks wear?
They must have worn some sort of rough but durable cloth, as they were going to out in all sorts of weather. Probably they wore wool or burlap, or maybe a very heavy linen. I suppose it also depended on their location. But their clothes probably became ragged extremely quickly.
