no
Electoral college
Congress.
Article III of the Constitution vested Congress with the power of creating federal courts below the Supreme Court, at their discretion. This authority includes determining the number and (usually) jurisdiction of each court. Congress also has the power to eliminate federal courts below the Supreme Court.
No. The US Constitution vests Congress with the authority to determine the structure of the federal courts, including the US Supreme Court. Congress set the number of justices on the Court at nine in the Judiciary Act of 1869.
Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA)
13
Congress first established the federal court system in the Judiciary Act of 1789. This act created the US Supreme Court, and a small number of District and Circuit Courts. Although Article III of the Constitution mandated a US Supreme Court, it was actually established by the 1789 legislation.
Both Article I, Section 8 and Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution assigned authority for creating the federal courts to Congress. This allows Congress to establish Courts and tribunals that are part of the Judicial Branch (constitutional courts), as well as courts of limited jurisdiction that operate outside the Judicial Branch.Article III CourtsUS District CourtsUS Court of International TradeUS Court of Appeals Circuit CourtsSupreme Court of the United StatesExamples of Article I CourtsUS Court of Federal ClaimsUS Bankruptcy CourtUS Tax CourtUS Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
12
The number of judges assigned varies as to the size of the circuit it serves.
The Constitution required Congress to establish a Supreme Court and whatever "inferior" courts it deemed necessary, but did not actually create the federal court system, as the structure and function of most courts was left to Congress' discretion.Congress established the Judicial Branch of government (what some consider the entire federal court system) in the Judiciary Act of 1789, under the authority of Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution.The court system has grown and adapted to the United States' changing needs over time.
The Legislative Branch, or Congress, has the authority to determine the number, size, jurisdiction and other details relevant to the structure and operation of the federal court system, with the exception of a few issues outlined in Article III of the Constitution.
increased number of federal courts