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When a spaceship returns, the vehicle is travelling so fast that the air rubs over the surface of the capsule or craft and generates heat.

The heat shield was an insulating layer on the bottom of the Apollo capsule that prevented the astronauts from frying as it dropped through the atmosphere.

Incidentally the Endeavour tragedy was caused by the heat shield being damaged which allowed white hot plasma gas to get inside the wing of the space shuttle and caused it to explode.

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12y ago

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