The Papal States
The papal claims to universal authority over both spiritual and secular matters threatened the power and autonomy of secular rulers. This conflict often arose as both the Pope and secular rulers vied for control over territory, resources, and the loyalty of individuals within their realms. Additionally, disputes over the appointment of bishops and the levying of taxes further fueled tensions between the papacy and secular rulers.
wow... chill it! alrightt!
the priests and nobles were the rulers but were fat
Lay Investiture.
a disorganized social hierarchy
A spiritual ruler derives authority from a religious belief or institution, while a secular ruler derives authority from a political or governmental position. Spiritual rulers often focus on matters of faith and morality, while secular rulers typically focus on governance and public policy.
The rulers during the first Japan hierarchy were named the Daimyos and were influened by the Feudalist era. Samurais were used by the Diamyos to help with economic and social stability.
Czars
Islam was not established until the 7th Century.
Islam was not established until the 7th Century.
Papal supremacy the claim of medieval popes that they held authority over all secular, nonreligious rulers
The church increased its secular power through various means, including alliances with powerful rulers, land ownership, and the ability to levy taxes and control education. The church's influence over society and its role as a unifying force also contributed to its increased secular power.