wow... chill it! alrightt!
the germans conquered Roma and the Italian peninsula in 300---the only thing they adopted was the well established Christians roman religious beliefs .......
The papal claims to universal authority over both spiritual and secular matters threatened the power and autonomy of secular rulers. This conflict often arose as both the Pope and secular rulers vied for control over territory, resources, and the loyalty of individuals within their realms. Additionally, disputes over the appointment of bishops and the levying of taxes further fueled tensions between the papacy and secular rulers.
A spiritual ruler derives authority from a religious belief or institution, while a secular ruler derives authority from a political or governmental position. Spiritual rulers often focus on matters of faith and morality, while secular rulers typically focus on governance and public policy.
The Papal States
By supporting farming and trade.
By supporting farming and trade.
The fact that William of Aquitaine sought advice from a bishop suggests that there was a close relationship between secular and religious authorities during that time. It indicates that rulers valued the counsel and guidance of the church when making important decisions. Religious leaders often held significant influence over political matters.
strengthen their own political authority.
Lay Investiture.
The Enlightenment encouraged Europe's rulers to adopt more progressive and rational governing practices, embracing ideas such as individual rights, freedom of speech, and limited government. Some rulers implemented reforms based on Enlightenment principles to enhance their legitimacy and promote economic growth. However, not all rulers embraced these ideas, leading to tensions and conflicts between enlightened thinkers and autocratic rulers.
LeBron James
Europes rulers and merchants On his third voyage he was hired by the Dutch King. hope it helps ^_^