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Before white explorers arrived in the Great Plains region after the Lewis and Clark expedition mapped its northern section, tomahawks were not used by any of the Plains tribes. They were an entirely European product for use in trade to the tribes, at first confined to the eastern woodlands groups but after about 1810 they were being traded to the Plains tribes.

Native Plains weapons included a wide range of war clubs made from animal jaw bones, hardwood, stone and horn - but no tomahawks.

Many of the tomahawks introduced to the Plains area were inefficient as weapons because they were a combination of axe (often made of brass instead of iron) and a pipe for smoking, with the handle made hollow like a pipestem. Using this as a weapon would simply break it, so it was really a thing of status and prestige for chiefs and important warriors. They were carried when posing for photographs, by chiefs attending meetings in Washington or when signing peace treaties - but in battle situations they would normally be left back in camp.

Many of these so-called pipe tomahawks were made with fancy axe blades in the shape of old-style European "spontoons" - spear-like weapons carried by French NCOs during the 18th century; others had cutouts in the blade in the shape of triangles, hearts or diamonds. The natives cetainly liked the way they looked, but as weapons they were close to useless.

Many modern fake pipe tomahawks have been and still are being made, but experts can easily distinguish them from the real thing.

See links below for images:

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Q: What did the plains Indians use the tomahawk for?
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